Emotional Intel Essay - 3794 Words

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present information regarding effects of globalization on the economy and the culture of the Norway, during the past few years. Five sets of research questions were used to form the bases of the paper. The intent is to illiterate the cultural dynamics and business culture of the Country. Knowledge of the influence of culture and business practices will assist one with understanding globalization as it pertains to Norway. Using the information in this paper, individuals like consultants and managers who interact with Norweigians can use this as a framework or perspective Summary of the case study â€Å"A Naà ¯ve Sahab In India† The case study â€Å"A Naà ¯ve Sahab in India† tells the story of Brian†¦show more content†¦He would benefit from cultural training sessions, which has been proved to be very effective to prepare professionals for intercultural work. By going through such training, Brian would learn how to better approach his managers without being too offensive. Brian will have to re-think his strategies before putting together a new manager team made up with old and newly hired managers, and only then carefully and slowly introduce the expected changes for the company. Male/Female Differences Disparities between males and females in society can be seen everywhere and the work place is no different. Women are expected to be vulnerable and sympathetic to others’ needs, while men are expected to be competitive, strong and rational. In business, these gender differences determine communication behaviors and interactions. A study published in the â€Å"Journal of Social and Development Sciences† confirms, â€Å"the gender of individuals engaged in negotiations will affect the communication style utilized by each individual† (Yu-Te Tu, 2012, p. 125). Women might rely more on non-verbal and indirect communication, which has been noted as a characteristic to those who have less power. Women are still pictured as the fragile gender by society, however many of the exclusive â€Å"female traits† are strengths that can make women more efficient managers than men. For example, women who are able to relate to others easily and possess the ability to empower will beShow MoreRelatedEssay Intel Corporation, 1968-19971123 Words   |  5 PagesIntel Corporation, 1968-1997 Synopsis: This case traces the strategic decisions of Intel Corporation which defined its evolution from being a start-up developer of semiconductor memory chips in 1968 to being the industry leader of microprocessors in 1997 when it ranked amongst the top five American companies and had stock market valuation of USD 113 billion. Intel in DRAM business: The strategies employed by Intel for DRAM business focussed on: 1. Pushing the envelope of product design Read MoreIntel Corporation: 1968 – 19971177 Words   |  5 PagesINTEL CORPORATION: 1968 – 1997 Synopsis: This case traces the strategic decisions of Intel Corporation which defined its evolution from being a start-up developer of semiconductor memory chips in 1968 to being the industry leader of microprocessors in 1997 when it ranked amongst the top five American companies and had stock market valuation of USD 113 billion. Intel in DRAM business: The strategies employed by Intel for DRAM business focussed on: 1. Pushing the envelope of product design Read MoreEssay on Business Communication Quarterly 2013 F5948 Words   |  24 Pagesï » ¿Business Communication Quarterly http://bcq.sagepub.com/ Intercultural Communication Apprehension and Emotional Intelligence in Higher Education: Preparing Business Students for Career Success Lisa T. Fall, Stephanie Kelly, Patrick MacDonald, Charles Primm and Whitney Holmes Business Communication Quarterly 2013 76: 412 originally published online 18 September 2013 DOI: 10.1177/1080569913501861 The online version of this article can be found at: http://bcq.sagepub.com/content/76/4/412Read MoreFactors That Influence Consumer Decision Making Process1803 Words   |  8 Pagesproduct to influence the behaviour of consumers must consider in detail all the stages of the process of making a buying decision. Rate in some of them of having a credit product will be maximum. The process can be regarded as a rational and from the emotional point of view. In the first case, the consumer will act under the influence of rational motives: functionality, appearance, quality and size (Mathews et al, 2014). All of these items are very limited when it comes to service, as it does not haveRead MoreBuilding the Emotional Intelligence of Groups6903 Words   |  28 PagesBy now, most executives have accepted that emotional intelligence is as critical as IQ to an individual s effectiveness. But much of the important work in organizations is done in teams. New research uncovers what emotional intelligence at the group level looks like-and how to achieve it Building the Emotioncil Intelligence of Groups W by Vanessa Urch Druskat and Steven B. Wolff HEN MANAGERS EIRST STARTED HEARING ABOUT the concept of emotional intelligence in the 1990s, scales fell fromRead MoreThe Effects of Leader and Follower Emotional Intelligence7577 Words   |  31 Pages274 The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study Chi-Sum Wonga,*, Kenneth S. Lawb,1 a Department of Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China b Department of Management of Organizations, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong, China Abstract Recently, increasing numbers of scholars have argued that emotional intelligence (EI) is a core variable thatRead MoreIntel in China Case Study Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe Intel in China case presents a valid issue. But deep beneath the surface, this case has many other issues associated with the one presented. At the surface it is evident that Li is an emotional worker who puts his whole hearted effort into his job. This presents a challenge for any manager because of the emotional attachment that the employee presents. But the question is whether it is just Li that feels this way in the organization. Perhaps, this behavior stems from other organizational issuesRead MoreB2b And B2b Business Activities1300 Words   |  6 Pagesfocus on retail transactions. An example of a B2C company would be Starbucks. Business to Business or B2B, companies doing direct business with each other instead of having consumers involved. A great example of a B2B company would be the Intel Corporation. The Intel Corporation is an American Global technology company, whom headquarters is located in Santa Clara, California. The overall marketing goal for both B2B and B2C companies is the same, increase the profit margin, but the marketing strategiesRead MoreB2b And B2b Business Activities1542 Words   |  7 Pagesfocus on retail transactions. An example of a B2C company would be Starbucks. Business to Business or B2B, companies doing direct business with each other instead of having consumers involved. A great example of a B2B company would be the Intel Corporation. The Intel Corporation is an American Global technology company, whom headquarters is located in Santa Clara, California. The overall marketing goal for both B2B and B2C companies is the same, increase the profit margin, but the marketing strategiesRead MoreIntel China1275 Words   |  6 PagesAM’s for the firm has already achieved a certain extent of success within the primary focus of Intel’ s strategy to develop connections and associations with the clients in his account base. Li is conscious to the fact that his accomplishments as an Intel ambassador is unquestionable and consequently to bring in additional value to his role he has placed effort, time and plan to one of the individual projects he has undertaken to self improvise and take a comprehensive approach to the detailing of the

Indirect Discrimination In The Workplace - 984 Words

Rohan Trivedi PDHPE ASSIGNMENT The interpersonal issue I have chosen is: Discrimination Discrimination is the unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on the grounds of certain attributes. This is generally done by denying a person/group/community of the same benefits or privileges provided to others because of their ethnicity, skin colour, gender, age, ancestry, religion, disability or familial/marital status. This interpersonal issue is being misused far too often in modern day society and is affecting more people by the day. Discrimination can occur in many forms. However, they are mainly branched into two categories: direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination happens when people is treated†¦show more content†¦They will also begin to develop hatred for others and alienate themselves from society. This proves to be a detrimental effect to the person as they may lose their job and destroy a healthy financial status. For instance, if a pupil is being discriminated at school they will be start to perform poorly in assignments and assessments. Therefore, creating a low level of academic achievement and attendance/participation. Hence, making them more probable to skip or drop school and also impacting his/her social life with the rest of his/her peers in a negative way. From this we can definitely conclude that the impacts of discrimination are highly undesired for an individual’s physical, social, mental, spiritual and emotional well-beings. Discrimination does not only impact individuals but also has a number of unfavourable effects on the groups, communities and the wider society. First of all, it exemplifies the incorrect belief that one group is superior to another. When one group of people are discriminated against, another group of people will view themselves as more worthy as they were not harassed and therefore perceive the false-notion that they are better. This can result in conflicts within a society and will hence degrade one’s overall wellbeing. A prime example of this was during the Vietnamese vs Caucasian battle in Cabramatta. The conflict had started as both ethnicities deemed themselves to be superior to theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination In The Workplace1211 Words   |  5 Pages While the world has unanimously advanced and is more accepting of change, the workplace continues to be a place of discrimination, prejudice and inequality. Discrimination is broadly defined to ‘distinguish unfavourably’, isolate; and is context based (Pagura, 2012). Abrahams (1991) described the workplace as an ‘inhospitable place’ where gender disparity and wage gaps persist (Stamarski Son Hing, 2015). Among other states and countries, the Australian government actively implements and passesRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Title: Discrimination within the workplace: An insight into the experience of minority ethnic, race and age employees at the Turkish Airlines. Introduction: One of the most important problems of social life is the economic, social, cultural, demographic, etc. discrimination due to their different characteristics. Discrimination, often seen as one of the main problems of underdeveloped societies, is now seen in developing or developed countries, not only due to economic reasons. As the issueRead MoreEmployment Discrimination During The United States1297 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment discrimination strikes numerous gatherings of people and has been going on for a long time. In the U.S., this type of discrimination happens at whatever point a business or its delegates purposely single out representatives or candidates on the premise of age, race, sex, sexual introduction, incapacity, religion and an assortment of different reasons. Laws have been readied to debilitate segregation from happening. Rise to circumstances laws plan to make a level playing field with theRead MoreGender Discrimination : An Ethical Problem Essay1043 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesAbstract: Gender Discrimination is a type of discrimination where basing on a particular person’s gender (or) sex a person is discriminated, majorly this type of discrimination is faced by women and girls. In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference. This paperRead MoreEssay about Sex Discrimination 1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. Discrimination can take a very overt form (e.g., refusal to hire women into certain jobs), but in many instances, gender discrimination involves the degree to which the workplace is open to versus resistant to the participation of women. Although many discussions of gender discrimination have focused on the ways managers andRead MoreEssay about Legal and Ethical Responsibilities.1487 Words   |  6 PagesLegal and Ethical Responsibilities. Direct Discrimination :- something like putting in the job advertisement â€Å"women need not apply†. Indirect Discrimination :- saying there’s a height limit such as a 6’4†. This will limit who can apply for the job. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 makes sex discrimination unlawful in employment, vocational training, education, the provision and sale of goods, facilities and services and premises. In employment and vocationalRead MoreTypes Of Discrimination And Discrimination1729 Words   |  7 Pages TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION ⠝â€"Direct Discrimination:- In this case the employee is treated less favorably by the employer simply because of his or her HIV status. For example, rejecting a job application because of employee HIV infection or excluding an HIV-positive employee from the company pension scheme because of an assumption that he or she would draw on it early. (6) The law also protects people who are discriminated against because they are associated with a person with HIV (for exampleRead MoreWomen in the Workplace1627 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom. Issues that have and still plagued women in the workplace are many. Women in today’s workplace face many challenges such as discrimination, negative stereotypes of themselves, and sexual harassment. Although women in all careers are faced with these problems, the one thing that is clear is that women are striving to gain equality in the work force today. In order to understand the full realm of women’s inequality in the workplace it would be important to understand some of the history ofRead MoreShc 23 - Introduction to Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings816 Words   |  4 Pagesand support. The term ‘Discrimination’ means the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit eg racial and religious intolerance and discrimination. 1.2 There are two main types of discrimination; direct and indirect. Direct discrimination may occur in the workplace in the form of institutional discrimination, whereby people may notRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pageslong time till the gender inequality in employment and wages to end. It is expected that by 2095, gender wage gap will be closed, maybe. That means that we will have to wait 81 years for gender parity in workplace. From 2006- 2014 the world has seen a small progress in equality for women in workplace (Cann, 2014).In Garman women worker earns 62 cents, in India 64 cent and 80 cents in Egypt and Mexico for every $1 that man earn. Women entrepreneurs fare is worse earning 12 cents in Bangladesh and just

Indirect Discrimination In The Workplace - 984 Words

Rohan Trivedi PDHPE ASSIGNMENT The interpersonal issue I have chosen is: Discrimination Discrimination is the unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on the grounds of certain attributes. This is generally done by denying a person/group/community of the same benefits or privileges provided to others because of their ethnicity, skin colour, gender, age, ancestry, religion, disability or familial/marital status. This interpersonal issue is being misused far too often in modern day society and is affecting more people by the day. Discrimination can occur in many forms. However, they are mainly branched into two categories: direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination happens when people is treated†¦show more content†¦They will also begin to develop hatred for others and alienate themselves from society. This proves to be a detrimental effect to the person as they may lose their job and destroy a healthy financial status. For instance, if a pupil is being discriminated at school they will be start to perform poorly in assignments and assessments. Therefore, creating a low level of academic achievement and attendance/participation. Hence, making them more probable to skip or drop school and also impacting his/her social life with the rest of his/her peers in a negative way. From this we can definitely conclude that the impacts of discrimination are highly undesired for an individual’s physical, social, mental, spiritual and emotional well-beings. Discrimination does not only impact individuals but also has a number of unfavourable effects on the groups, communities and the wider society. First of all, it exemplifies the incorrect belief that one group is superior to another. When one group of people are discriminated against, another group of people will view themselves as more worthy as they were not harassed and therefore perceive the false-notion that they are better. This can result in conflicts within a society and will hence degrade one’s overall wellbeing. A prime example of this was during the Vietnamese vs Caucasian battle in Cabramatta. The conflict had started as both ethnicities deemed themselves to be superior to theShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination In The Workplace1211 Words   |  5 Pages While the world has unanimously advanced and is more accepting of change, the workplace continues to be a place of discrimination, prejudice and inequality. Discrimination is broadly defined to ‘distinguish unfavourably’, isolate; and is context based (Pagura, 2012). Abrahams (1991) described the workplace as an ‘inhospitable place’ where gender disparity and wage gaps persist (Stamarski Son Hing, 2015). Among other states and countries, the Australian government actively implements and passesRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace Essay1379 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Title: Discrimination within the workplace: An insight into the experience of minority ethnic, race and age employees at the Turkish Airlines. Introduction: One of the most important problems of social life is the economic, social, cultural, demographic, etc. discrimination due to their different characteristics. Discrimination, often seen as one of the main problems of underdeveloped societies, is now seen in developing or developed countries, not only due to economic reasons. As the issueRead MoreEmployment Discrimination During The United States1297 Words   |  6 PagesEmployment discrimination strikes numerous gatherings of people and has been going on for a long time. In the U.S., this type of discrimination happens at whatever point a business or its delegates purposely single out representatives or candidates on the premise of age, race, sex, sexual introduction, incapacity, religion and an assortment of different reasons. Laws have been readied to debilitate segregation from happening. Rise to circumstances laws plan to make a level playing field with theRead MoreGender Discrimination : An Ethical Problem Essay1043 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesAbstract: Gender Discrimination is a type of discrimination where basing on a particular person’s gender (or) sex a person is discriminated, majorly this type of discrimination is faced by women and girls. In this globalized world, where interaction between two individuals became easy as seams of finger touch and where we always debate, speak about the equality rights for men and women, we still see many instances of many individuals being discriminated based on the gender difference. This paperRead MoreEssay about Sex Discrimination 1597 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discrimination involves action toward individuals on the basis of their group membership; Baron and Byrne (1994) defined discrimination as prejudice in action. Discrimination can take a very overt form (e.g., refusal to hire women into certain jobs), but in many instances, gender discrimination involves the degree to which the workplace is open to versus resistant to the participation of women. Although many discussions of gender discrimination have focused on the ways managers andRead MoreEssay about Legal and Ethical Responsibilities.1487 Words   |  6 PagesLegal and Ethical Responsibilities. Direct Discrimination :- something like putting in the job advertisement â€Å"women need not apply†. Indirect Discrimination :- saying there’s a height limit such as a 6’4†. This will limit who can apply for the job. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 makes sex discrimination unlawful in employment, vocational training, education, the provision and sale of goods, facilities and services and premises. In employment and vocationalRead MoreTypes Of Discrimination And Discrimination1729 Words   |  7 Pages TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION ⠝â€"Direct Discrimination:- In this case the employee is treated less favorably by the employer simply because of his or her HIV status. For example, rejecting a job application because of employee HIV infection or excluding an HIV-positive employee from the company pension scheme because of an assumption that he or she would draw on it early. (6) The law also protects people who are discriminated against because they are associated with a person with HIV (for exampleRead MoreWomen in the Workplace1627 Words   |  7 Pagesfreedom. Issues that have and still plagued women in the workplace are many. Women in today’s workplace face many challenges such as discrimination, negative stereotypes of themselves, and sexual harassment. Although women in all careers are faced with these problems, the one thing that is clear is that women are striving to gain equality in the work force today. In order to understand the full realm of women’s inequality in the workplace it would be important to understand some of the history ofRead MoreShc 23 - Introduction to Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Care or Children’s and Young People’s Settings816 Words   |  4 Pagesand support. The term ‘Discrimination’ means the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit eg racial and religious intolerance and discrimination. 1.2 There are two main types of discrimination; direct and indirect. Direct discrimination may occur in the workplace in the form of institutional discrimination, whereby people may notRead MoreGender Inequality And Gender Equality1673 Words   |  7 Pageslong time till the gender inequality in employment and wages to end. It is expected that by 2095, gender wage gap will be closed, maybe. That means that we will have to wait 81 years for gender parity in workplace. From 2006- 2014 the world has seen a small progress in equality for women in workplace (Cann, 2014).In Garman women worker earns 62 cents, in India 64 cent and 80 cents in Egypt and Mexico for every $1 that man earn. Women entrepreneurs fare is worse earning 12 cents in Bangladesh and just

Data Science Worldwide E-Business

Question: Discuss about the Data Science for Worldwide E-Business. Answer: Introduction The company is looking to enhance their business and move on to e-business as they are inspired by the worldwide e-business and their growth. They are looking forward to transferring their present business scenario to online business so as to increase the sales figure and accessibility. The overall idea is to have online shopping system for their customer so that their business is entirely customer-centric business, as well as data, was driven. The essential requirements of the company are to have a system that will help their clients to have a customization option so that they can select what they want and moreover the system can suggest them some different cookies based on their previous shopping and profile. The report that has been presented here discusses the benefits of new technologies that can help Cookie Limited to meet their objectives and goals. Data Collection and Storage Data Collection System First of all, let us understand about data collection, data collection refers to a systematic approach to collect and measure the data or information from different sources to get an accurate and a complete scenario of an area of interest (Bryman and Bell 2015). To have an online business presence it is critical to have a proper data collection system, so an appropriate data collected system is required and implemented in Cookie Limited to make the data or information they collect to be much more accurate and complete. Looking at the data types we can describe that there are two kinds of data they are: Quantitative Data This refers to any data or information that is in numerical forms such as percentage or statistics, etc (Treiman 2014). Qualitative Data This relates to any data or information that is in a narrative form such as quality, appearance, etc (Haberman 2014). Apart from these, the Cookie Company can use some secondary data (typically quantitative) and which has already been gathered by the third party for a different purpose. For an example, the Census data of U.S might be used by a company to make decisions about their marketing campaigns. But the question stands that how can we collect the Quantitative and Qualitative data. Storage System It is the most critical part of any business that the data or information that has been collected needs to be stored properly. Many vendors are offering the best online data storage system for both personal and business usage. The best option for Cookie is to adopt the Cloud system service (Kamat et al. 2016). Both the quantitative and qualitative data needs to be collected and stored in the system for that we need two different memories to distribute properly and collect the right information for each data type. Moreover, the company has to ensure that the systems that they have at present needs to be upgraded to make sure that they do support the new storage system (Anandarajan et al. 2012). Cloud computing system that has different advantages such as it has an enhanced data protection and availability, setting up the online storage system is relatively very easy compared to another offline storage system, and last but not the least the cloud computing system has a secure backup an d disaster recovery abilities, and moreover the system can remotely access from anywhere in this world (Melody and Mooney 2013). There is no need for that heavy hardwares for operation purpose because everything will be done using a virtual interface. Data in Action Consumer-Centric Product Design The designing research attempts to question and understand rather than to answer and predict. The Cookie Limited Company has to ensure that the goods they are producing have to be consumer centric which means that the wants, needs, and restrictions of the end user of a product or service are given extensive attention at every stage of the designing process (Tsimiklis et al. 2015). The Cookie Company has to use the customer data for better understanding of their customer requirements as well as the demand products so that they can manufacture to fulfill the customer satisfaction and to increase their business growth. So customer-centric product design is all about it and they need to do researches and surveys about their products and understand what exactly most of their consumers are looking for regarding taste and flavor (Bogers 2016). Once the feedback is reviewed, and the changes are made in their products then it help them to increase their sales rate and improve their sales reve nue as well. Moreover, the Cookie Limited Company has to focus towards the clients needs and then design the product so as to make sure that they are reaching to the point of customer satisfaction. Figure 1: Customer Centricity (Source: Bedarkar et al. 2016, pp.21) The company can perform two tasks to meet the above criteria; they need to implement software that will help them with a proper analyzing their profit for every flavor of cookies they have sold. This will contribute to having a clear idea about which product is doing well in the market and which is not. So the product which has the highest demand in the market must produce a bit extra then the order to increase the sales which will also improve the customer satisfaction as well as will gain revenue (Jaeger et al. 2013). So the company has to ensure that the products they are production have to increase the client's attraction. The company has to add that extra flavor let say as an example of fruits and nuts as a flavor in the cookies so as to gain more commercial sales. Recommendation System Customer lifetime value and churn rates are two critical or important customer centric measurements that need to be properly reviewed. These two CCM (Customer-Centric Measurement) are important because every company has their way of measuring the customer centricity. Likewise, the above two are the most important critical aspects that need to be correctly observed and reviewed as well. Customer Lifetime Value For any business, the most important thing is a customer because without them not business can stand or run. The primary purpose of it is that it will assess the financial value of each client or customer. It is important because it represents a higher limit of spending to get hold of a new customer (Di Benedetto and Kim 2016). The advantage or benefit the company has made by any given client is measured using CLV (Customer Lifetime Value). The primary usage of customer lifetime value is customer segmentation where it started with an understanding that all the customers are not equally critical (Groeger and Buttle 2014). This model allows the Cookie Company to guess the most profitable group of clients, understand those customer's common characteristics and concentrate more on them when to compare to other customers with less lucrative. Churn Rate To get the churn rate, the quantity of the clients has to be measured who have left recently lets say 12 months that have been divided by the basic amount of collected customers. It measures the amount of items or individuals shifting out of the gathered group over a certain time span. It refers to one of the two major factors that defines the stable state level of consumers of a company will help. It is a valuable input to Customer Lifetime Value modeling and which can be a part of an application that is used to calculate the Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) using the MMM (Marketing Mix Modeling). It is when applied to a client base which refers to the proportion of contractual subscribers or clients who leaves a vendor during a given span of time (Zhang et al. 2015). It is closely related to the idea of average customer lifetime. The possible locator of client is not satisfied, better and cheaper deals from the contest or competition, more successful marketing and sales by the competition. Business Continuity: Survival of Online Business in Case of Power Failure and Another Disaster The business continuity and disaster recovery planning are stages that help the companies prepare for disruptive happenings and whether those events or happenings might involve simply power failure caused by something or natural disaster. The company does need a disaster recovery regardless of industry or size because whenever an unwanted event occurs in our daily operations then it does halt everything in an online business is a concern and moreover we have to make sure that the user is not suffered during this stage. The disaster recovery plan in the company refers that the company can protect of saving itself from several risks which include cost expenses, data and reputation loss and the negative impact on the customers (Snedaker 2013). Now creating, integrating and maintaining are the three things that a business recovery plan and it is important to make sure that implementing the DR (Disaster Recovery) plan in the company we are making sure for business survival and continuity. As far as the power outage is a concern it does not matter if we have a large business or small one. We only understand that the power outages give a bigger challenge to our businesses. The power failures are a bigger concern as far as the online business is a concern. So the best way to overcome the issue is to have a backup power system for an example UPS. For the survival there has to be a proper survival planning, let's say a power generation unit to help to overcome the power outage issue. So there always has to be back up plan for such disasters are mention disaster recovery, UPS or we can trust in cloud based systems, which are help as far as the consumer data or information, and it can be accessed by anywhere in this world and it does not depend if the physical operation system is in work or not. Conclusion The report finally concludes that how the data is important for any business and its role in the market production. The data collection system importance has been learned and what kind of information is there and as well as how it can be collected. The consumer-centric product design is discussed in brief and how it has been done is mentioned too. The recommendation system is also said on the consumer-centric product design. The overall report discusses how the technology will be beneficial for Cookie Limited Company if they are moving online to do their business. References Anandarajan, M., Anandarajan, A. and Srinivasan, C.A. eds., 2012. Business intelligence techniques: a perspective from accounting and finance. Springer Science Business Media. Bedarkar, M., Pandita, D., Agarwal, R. and Saini, R., 2016. Examining the Impact of Organizational Culture on Customer Centricity in Organizations: An Analysis. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 9(2), pp.19-28. Bogers, M., Hadar, R. and Bilberg, A., 2016. Additive manufacturing for consumer-centric business models: Implications for supply chains in consumer goods manufacturing. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102, pp.225-239. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Di Benedetto, C.A. and Kim, K.H., 2016. Customer equity and value management of global brands: Bridging theory and practice from financial and marketing perspectives: Introduction to a Journal of Business Research Special Section. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), pp.3721-3724. Groeger, L. and Buttle, F., 2014. Customer Lifetime Value.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Haberman, S.J., 2014. Analysis of qualitative data: Introductory topics. Academic Press. Jaeger, S.R., Cardello, A.V. and Schutz, H.G., 2013. Emotion questionnaires: A consumer-centric perspective. Food Quality and Preference, 30(2), pp.229-241. Kamat, M. and Liang, S., Emc Corporation, 2016. Online replacement of physical storage in a virtual storage system. U.S. Patent 9,250,823. Melody, E. and Mooney, R., International Business Machines Corporation, 2013. System and method for assigning data to columnar storage in an online transactional system. U.S. Patent Application 13/743,663. Snedaker, S., 2013. Business continuity and disaster recovery planning for IT professionals. Newnes. Treiman, D.J., 2014. Quantitative data analysis: Doing social research to test ideas. John Wiley Sons. Tsimiklis, P., Ceschin, F., Green, S., Qin, S.F., Song, J., Baurley, S., Rodden, T. and Makatsoris, C., 2015. A Consumer-Centric Open Innovation Framework for Food and Packaging Manufacturing. Zhang, Z., Wang, R., Zheng, W., Lan, S., Liang, D. and Jin, H., 2015, November. Profit Maximization Analysis Based on Data Mining and the Exponential Retention Model Assumption with Respect to Customer Churn Problems. In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshop (ICDMW) (pp. 1093-1097). IEEE.

Teaching Social Skills free essay sample

Running head: Best Practices in Adaptive Behavior: Teaching Social Behavior Skills Best Practices in Adaptive Behavior: Teaching Social Behavior Skills in the Classroom to Improve Peer Relationships and Academic Achievement Kyna D. Monroe, M. Ed. Capella University Abstract This paper delves into utilizing best practices in adaptive behavior through social skills training. This study shows that teaching social skills in the classrooms plays a very important role in students academic performance and peer interactions. Implications foresee that social skills training will heighten the classroom ecology thereby minimizing negative student interactive behaviors and failure. to Improve Peer Relationships and Academic Achievement School psychologists have devoted almost exclusive attention to the assessment of and intervention recommendations for cognitive, perceptual-motor, and academic achievement difficulties of students. Studies addressing behaviors necessary for success in the classroom environment have focused upon variables such as overall chool climate (Wolf, 2001) and individual student characteristics (Gresham, 1990). A students characteristics is an important variable in a students environment to enhance his chances for success because some students succeed in a given situation while others do not, and many behavior characteristics can be modified by educating students in specific skill areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching Social Skills or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Outcomes in this research study indicate that specific behavioral competencies such as academic achievement and peer interactions are clearly linked to social skills training lessons taught to students. For this reason, it is believed that social skills is an intricate component to the classroom curriculum and is an important focus in school settings. The definition of social skills that seems to make the most sense has been termed by Gresham (1990) as the social validity definition. According to this definition social skills are situational specific behaviors that predict important social outcomes for children and youth. In school settings, important social outcomes include, but are not limited to: peer acceptance, academic achievement, self acceptance, and school djustment. There are several strong arguments for developing socially competent behaviors in students. First, social skills and peer acceptance have been related to long term adjustment outcomes for children and youth. Achenbach, McConaughy, and Howell (2007) comprehensively reviewed the literature that used longitudinal and follow back studies and found that peer relationship difficulties in elementary school predicted long term maladjusted outcomes such as dropping out of school, Juvenile delinquency, adult criminal behavior, and psychopathology in

Zappos Case Study

Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essays

Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essays Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essay Biological, Psychodynamic, Behavioral and Cognitive Approach to Psychology Essay Excuse or Explanation? When the news report flashes across the television informing millions around the world of the murder of a family of six, it is obvious that the initiate reaction of the civilians would be terror and hatred. This hatred, a fierce, in-tolerant force behind these people that would instantly choose the worst for whomever the suspect may be. Often, this is the reaction of the people whereas there are a few of those individuals who may decide to view this case differently. These would be psychologists. A psychologist may approach this story with a view inside of the perpetrators mind. Was he biologically, psychodynamicly, behaviorally or cognitively provoked to do such a thing? What would make someone do something horrible and violent like that? Each of the psychologists views provide different aspects and alternate explanations for why this offenders actions occurred, sometimes even explanations to the point of understanding the mind of a criminal. A biological psychologist specifically focuses on the genetics and physiological side of the story. Biology itself refers to the make-up of each individual person, most of the time stemming off from his or her parents, grand-parents or even great-grand-parents. How did they act? What did they do? And why did they do it? It could be in their genes, the way that things are put together inside each individuals mind that illustrates the reason for their actions. Is it possible that one’s genes were made up to be completely violent? Could one’s father or mother be more responsible for the deaths of these six people than the murderer themselves? A biological psychologist would more than likely answer this question with a definite â€Å"yes†. A biological point of view examines all thoughts, feelings and behaviors as a product of the chemistry of our brains. A statement might also be that we become ill whether medically or psychologically due to our genetics. This, might bring the biological psychologists conclusion to be that this murder was committed because this culprits father did the same thing, and therefore, it was genetically passed on to his children. The next psychologist, one of whom studies the psychodynamic approach, may say that this was an unconscious deviant behavior that was sought out without intention. Psychodynamicly speaking, one might say that this murder was not something that this person would â€Å"normally† do. Psychodynamics focuses on the underlying parts of the human mind. Repressed incidents or hidden information can often form unwilling urges to come forth into daily actions. For instance, if this murder was completely relaxed and asked to express the thoughts that go through his mind, the psychologist may see the terror that has been concealed for so long. Following, the study of this individual, a psychodynamic psychologist could eventually be able to come to the conclusion that the unconscious painful memories of this murderer was what killed these people, not the offender himself. Another viewpoint would be seeing things from a behavioral approach. Behavioral meaning a controllable aspect of each individuals life, that can be altered and tweaked until it is near perfect. Take for instance a two year old child. From the day it was born to the time of it’s death, behaviors are taken in from lessons taught to them by those all around. If this child is taught that hitting, screaming and crying are something that gives them attention and provides them with care, this will be what will suffice all of their lives. If one is taught that patience, calmness and quiet is what provides them with love and comfort, this perhaps will be what will project throughout their lives. A behavioral psychologist will say that this murder took place because it is what the murderer was taught to do and what he learned. This psychologist will not focus on what they think or feel, it is simply based on what they do. A behavioral psychologists may even say that this killer could be taught to do differently and that killing is not acceptable. We also have the cognitive psychologists approach. By definition, cognitive means knowing. Therefore, cognitive psychologists try to figure out what is going on in an individuals mind that may lead them to their behavior. Sometimes, scientific equipment is used in order to fully understand the reactions and thoughts that are going on in a person’s mind. Here, a cognitive psychologist may look at this murderer and view his actions as a chemical reaction that went wrong in his or her brain. Also they may see this perpetrators actions as something he or she took in and had to release and the way he or she released it was through the violent act of murder. For example, this suspect may have been harassed and threatened himself and in order to release the fear, he or she committed a terrible crime. Cognitive psychology is completely interested in what people think and from that point, what they choose to or not to do. Being only a few views of psychology there seems to be many explanations for what people do. The reasons they abuse their children or loved ones, why they are alcoholics or in this case why they committed a murder. Often times, in a scenario like this, the psychological views may come across as some sort of excuse to get by a punishment for actions. However, all psychology is able to say, with experiments and procedures previously carried out that there is plenty of back up and explanation of the validity and reliability of their study. Whether it be biological, psychodynamic, behavioral or cognitive approach, psychology will always have a answer.

Competitive Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Competitive Analysis - Essay Example Macintosh products are hip, edgy, associated with quality, and innovative. Smartphones are defined against the IPhone and tablet computing against the IPad. Millions of consumers wait in anticipation for the next Mac release. But there are cracks in their armor. â€Å"The collective Apple community has been so intoxicated by the iPod, the success of the iTunes Store, MacBook sales, and excellent Mac OS X security that no one is reflecting on the areas where Apple is vulnerable. Perhaps it is unpleasant to think about, but neither do we want to live in a state of denial† (Martallero, 2006). Mac has traditionally had weaknesses in the arena of high performance computing. They are not associated with gaming computing in any way and they hold a small chunk of the personal computer market. They also don't any foothold in the corporate computer market. This is irrelevant to the Samsung Tab's success, of course. They also have weaknesses in the enterprise market. The music market is a very big weakness: Despite the IPod helping save the music industry from serious problems, they still have a goal, to sell music. Samsung could do what the Zune tried to and failed: Make a serious competitor to Macintosh in the music department by making strategic alliances. It is in the music industry's interest not to have to deal with a monopoly power in the field of MP3s, particularly the ITunes store. That having been said, this does mean competing for a share of a pie that piracy is always in danger of shrinking. The entertainment industry is similar: They want to sell electronic versions of their movies. If Samsung gets in on the ground floor in this regard, they will be successful. Dell's new tablet announcement that got leaked is also a serious threat (Cush, 2011). â€Å"The already available Dell Streak and Dell Streak 7 are listed, and according to the leaked "Tablet Roadmap," they will be joined in April by the Gallo Honeycomb tablet. The Opus One and Silver Oak Honey comb tablets will follow in early 2012, just in time for CES† (Cush, 2011). Dell has two major advantages. First: They are the big dogs in the field of personal computing. When it comes to building and selling PCs, laptops and notebooks, they are associated with great success. Millions of customers have a Dell PC with an Intel processor: The two are associated with reliability and value. Samsung, on the other hand, is mostly considered to be a maker of TVs, screens, other ancillary products. It seems likely that, faced with the choice between what looks like a Dell computer that just happens to be a tablet or Samsung's new experiment, many people will choose Dell out of sheer brand name recognition. Second: They hit the ground earlier. They launched already. Samsung is a bit late. But the real competition that Samsung has is the PC and other electronic products. The IPad is competing in the tablet market, which is a small market, against people who already are centered on home or laptop computing. If someone has a desktop computer, they are far less likely to think a tablet computer is a worthwhile investment, but might think it's interesting or want mobile computing. If they already have a laptop, the IPad's arguments for existence as a product become far slimmer indeed. Even some video game systems like the DS, PSP, PS3, Wii and XBox 360 are in a real way competition for the Tab. These systems have so many utilities in terms of playing movies, music and doing other

Report module topic 1-6 international business management Essay

Report module topic 1-6 international business management - Essay Example However, the MFC is bound to face both tariff and non-tariff barriers by operating on an international scale. Moreover, MFC will experience effects of trade protection as barriers to international trade. These challenges are compounded with the presence of political and legal risks, which affect the business in a number of ways such as business registration, taxation, licensing and reputation of the company. Cultural factors are also an issue in international trade that needs proper integration of people and ideas. In an attempt to help people understand cultural inclinations and influence Geert Hofstede came up with five fold framework of culture that has been discussed in this paper. At the same time, MFC will enjoy benefits of being a member of international trade organizations such as WTO and regional trading blocs and custom unions. Therefore, international trade is in general beneficial to MFC and the company can go worldwide while understanding aspects related to international for strategy formulation and management of business. Table of Contents Title 1 Executive Summary 2 Table of contents 3 1.0. Introduction 4 2.0 International trade 5 2.1. Reasons Why MFC chooses to trade internationally 5 2.2. Major types of international business the MFC will set up in the short-term and long-term 7 2.3. Globalization 8 3.0. ... Types of strategies MFC can use to manage political and legal risks 12 5.0. Culture and cultural frameworks 13 5.1. Hofstede’s cultural dimension 13 5.2. Strength and weaknesses of Hofstede’s Framework relevant to MFC’s managers 14 5.3. Ways on how cultural characteristics influence patterns of communication for MFC;s managers in USA and in India 15 5.4. Ways on how MFC’s managers improve cross-cultural communication international trade organizations 16 6.0. Trade organization (international) 16 Â  6.1. Ways on how MFC can use the range of international trade organizations 16 6.2. Influence of regional economic groups to MFC 18 7.0. conclusion and recommendations 18 Reference list 19 1.0 Introduction The Magic Fuel Company (MFC) is an Australian public company specializing in the production of fuel additives and other fuel products. Experimentation with fuel and the utilization of additives to make engines run more efficiently has resulted in the producti on of a super concentrated fuel gel which has the potential to reduce all fuel to approximately 20% of current volume and increase the efficient burning of the concentrate by up to 200% of current refined fuel products. This means that each litre of fuel is equivalent to approx 200 ml of gel and fuel usage is reduced to half current usage. Using the fuel gel a car with a 60 litre tank using 10 litres per hundred kilometers of conventional fuel could carry the equivalent of 300 (5*60) litres and travel approximately 3000 kilometers per tank. The gel is the same weight as current fuel, is less volatile and has a longer shelf life. MFC is aware of the potential of the new technology the company has developed to refine crude petroleum and the value of the special additives for the gelling

5 Paragraph Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 Paragraph - Essay Example All utility things like automobiles, washing machine, refrigerators etc. breaks down when they are most needed. Indeed, the uncanny coincidence of their breakdown forces one to realize that these objects have a mind of their own which they use for optimal impact against man. Things like personal items have innate tendency of getting lost at the eleventh hour! Gloves, pliers, keys of car, house, locker etc. tend to disappear from their normal place when they are needed urgently. Interestingly, they are often found in the places least expected like the long forgotten corner of the wardrobe or under the mattress of unused bed. How and when they get to be there has remained the mystery for all. Most profound is the knowledge of the objects which refuse to perform their duty once they are brought home by their masters. Cigarette lighters, toys, car clocks etc. are major items that only work once and thereafter refuse to show their talent again. This is perhaps the only category of objects that man has been able to demystify and therefore is less likely to get upset with. One can therefore succinctly state that society of inanimate objects has been successful in declaring their hostility against man. Objects of first two categories show that inanimate things are psychologically much advanced and know how to test human patience or indeed, increase their blood pressure to achieve their objective. Man needs to be much more aware of their cunning intentions so that he is equipped with alternatives that would defeat the evil intentions of the inanimate

Effectiveness of Reduced Carbohydrate Intake

Effectiveness of Reduced Carbohydrate Intake Introduction/Background The ketogenic diet proposes a reduction of carbohydrate intake, replaced with high fat. Studies convey that low carbohydrate diets promote a higher degree of short term weight loss than conventional low fat diets (Manninen, 2004). Moreover, reductions in fasting blood lipids and insulin concentrations are greater in low carbohydrate diets (Manninen, 2004). Fundamentally, the reduction in carbohydrates renders the body in an efficient metabolic state of dietary ketosis whereby fat is turned into ketone bodies within the liver and burned for energy to utilize in the extra-hepatic tissues. Thereby, short term restriction results in a significant decrease in fat mass and a related increase in lean body mass as fat stores become a primary source of energy (Manninen, 2004). However, low carbohydrate diets may significantly increase fat and cholesterol volume, correspondent with an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (Hu et al., 2012). Furthermore, reduction in an accustom ed fibre intake may result in constipation, or fatigue induced by a carbohydrate deficiency from altered hormonal states and electrolyte imbalances (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). Additionally, complications relative to kidney function may arise (eg. osteoporosis and kidney stones) and can be linked to the long term restriction of carbohydrates (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). Ketosis is a common metabolic adaptation in low carbohydrate diets. Glycogen stores are utilized to meet energy demands of the body when dietary carbohydrates are limited; the reserves are exhausted within 24 to 48 hours of carbohydrate restriction (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). However, glycogen is bound to water in a proportion of 1:3g (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). Therefore, the subsequent 1-2kg fat reduction can be attributed to diuresis as opposed to burning adipose body fat stores. Consequently, the decrease is not a true indicator of weight loss as glycogen and water stores will be replenished (ie. rebound water weight will be gained) once the diet is terminated due to an influx of carbohydrates, which retain water in the muscles glycogen stores (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). As depicted in rodent studies, Caton et al. (2009) discerned that the termination of a low carbohydrate diet resulted in weight regain once the habitual diet resumed. Notwithstanding, the diuretic effect is restr ained to the first week of the low carbohydrate diet. Subsequent weight loss is entirely due to the ruminant adaption to energy expenditure and balance. Larosa, Fry, Muesing, Rosing (1980) observed a 7.7 kg loss in participants on the Atkins diet in 8 weeks; 1.8 kg lost per week in the initial two week period, and 0.7 kg per week thereafter. Westman et al. (2002) remarked alike results with a range of 0 to 18.6 kg in body weight reduction over 24 weeks (Figure 1). Once glycogen reserves are exhausted, fat oxidation is increased to satisfy the energy demands unfulfilled by gluconeogenesis and triglyceride breakdown as lean mass is inefficiently broken down to glucose and energy deficits proceed uncovered. A directly proportional increase in muscle fatigue and catabolism (conversion of protein to glucose via gluconeogenesis) transpires when muscle glycogen is depleted, however; an important substrate within ATP production (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). Liberation of fatty acids into the blood are oxidized by the liver for energy expenditure to form acetoacetate and further converted to ÃŽÂ ²-Hydroxybutyric acid (ie. ketone bodies) from acetyl CoA, filtered by the kidneys, inducing an increase in renal loss of sodium and consequent water loss. Furthermore, dehydration is common due to the increased water loss associated with ketotic-induced diuresis, onsetting early fatigue in contracting skeletal muscle (Bilsborough Crowe, 2003). The long term restriction of carbohydrates pose an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. LDL cholesterol is an eminent factor in atherogenesis, directly correlated with blood ÃŽÂ ²-Hydroxybutyrate (Johnston et al., 2006). Lin Borer (2016) denote a 30% decrease within physiological insulin resistance 24 hours after three low carbohydrate meals, which increase cardiovascular disease mortality. Moreover, metabolic costs may be associated with the utilization of fatty acids as intermediates of the citric acid cycle imperative for energy expenditure are depleted. Russell Taegtmeyer (1991) isolated rodent hearts utilizing acetoacetate as an energy source. The researchers observed a 50% reduction in the contractile ability of the heart within an hour; a contractile failure reversed by pyruvate carboxylation. Indeed, there are benefits and detriments of the dietary regime. However, evidence from clinical and animals trials to achieve a loss in weight and adaptive metabolic risk factors is preliminary. Review of papers Research concerning the effectiveness of reduced carbohydrate intake is limited by small sample sizes and short treatment periods. Westman, Yancy, Edman, Tomlin, Perkins (2002) investigated the effects of a low carbohydrate dietary regime upon body weight and variable metabolic factors in a 6 month trial. 41 overweight (26-33 kg/m^2) yet otherwise healthy volunteers ages 18-65 were assigned to a low carbohydrate diet of A mean decrease in body weight of 9.0 +/- 5.3 kg among 39 volunteers was observed (Figure 1). Weight loss correlated with adherence of the dietary regime and ketonuria (P Statistically significant changes were obtained for various metabolic parameters relative to changes in serum levels (Table 1). Beneficial effects upon serum lipid levels are indicated; 29 volunteers experienced a net reduction in LDL cholesterol over 6 months (Table 2). Moreover, 37 volunteers had an increase in HDL cholesterol (Westman et al., 2002). However, there was no objective measure of physical activity, which is potentially confounding. Moreover, adherence is the largest determinant of a regimes effectiveness. Although group meetings are an objective measure of behaviour adherence, the conceptualization of dietary adherence is disparate, propagated by psychological and socioeconomic determinants. Nonetheless, multiple indicators of adherence to the assigned dietary regime was employed in an attempt to negate the aforementioned issue. Furthermore, all 41 participants developed ketonuria during the trial, strongly correlated with self-reported adherence to the dietary regime. However, it is indispensable to obtain baseline data of macronutrient intake relative to the regime in question to ensure no dietary deficiencies confound the results. Additionally, past dietary intake is principal to document when controlling for baseline, yet macronutrient intake prior to the trial was not assessed. Often, blood/plasma ÃŽÂ ²-Hydroxybutyrate levels are the only index of ketosis as exhibited in the study of Westman et al. (2002). However, urinary ketones poorly represent the concentrations of blood/plasma and yield less informative results (Table 2). Acetoacetate and acetone are rarely measured and should be investigated in a low carbohydrate dietary regime; direct manipulation is necessary as the correlational approach cannot provide casual evidence of ketones. Moreover, dietary regime data can be subject to concerns of memory and recall. Additionally, volunteers who completed the dietary records may be more likely to report adhering to the regime. However, macronutrient data was to be recorded within 24 hours of consumption. Also, the usage of skinfold calipers to estimate fat mass poses another limitation. Clasey et al. (1999) discerned that anthropometric estimation yield large mean differences and appreciable inter-individual variability. Volunteers were not recruited according to strict inclusive criteria, therefore the group is particularly inhomogeneous. However, as the participants were healthy, extrapolating the results to individuals with metabolic diseases should be with discretion. Moreover, no substantial losses to follow-up were incurred as a completion rate of 80% was noted. However, the disadvantageous effects regarding volunteers who did not cohere to the program cannot be eradicated; structured programs are more effective at weight loss than self help approaches (Heska et al., 2003). Nevertheless, the findings of Westman et al. (2002) emphasize the imminent need for large scale trials on the compound interplay between low carbohydrate diets and long term aftereffects. The mechanisms and contributing factors underlying the effectiveness of low carbohydrate high fat diets (LC-HFD) remain uncovered. Caton, Yinglong, Burget, Spangler, Tschà ¶p, Bidlingmaier (2009) examined the effects of a LC-HFD upon body composition and metabolic parameters (eg. growth hormone, IGF-I) in 48 male Wistar rats over a 32 day period. Two studies were conducted. Study one constituted the maintenance of standard laboratory chow (CH) or LC-HFD in adolescent or mature rodents for 16 days prior to a switch in dietary regime (Caton et al., 2009). However, only mature rodents were maintained on the diets for 16 days in study two in an attempt to illuminate the culmination of LC-HFD upon fat pad mass. All rats were pair-fed to ensure the observations would be due to the macronutrient composition of the diet. Metabolic assessments (eg. energy expenditure) were made at baseline and 16 days post-exposure to the first and second diet with indirect calorimetry (Caton et al., 2009). ANOVA was performed to assess feeding efficiency and corresponding body weight changes relative to age and diet. Moreover, an alpha value of 0.05 was rendered in t-test analysis to examine the disparity between body weight and fat pad mass, with Bonferroni to discern any significant differences between the groups (Caton et al., 2009). LC-HFD rodents exhibited a significant reduction in body weight irrespective of age and subsequent diet change (Figure 2). Nonetheless, ingesting CH after initial LC-HFD resulted in weight regain in comparison to CH maintained rodents (Caton et al., 2009). Moreover, mature rats maintained on LC-HFD gained remarkably less body weight than CH (CH 27 +/- 1g; LC-HFD 2 +/- 3g; P LC-HFD may have implications for the alteration of body composition as hormones (eg. GH, IGF-I) known to increase lean body mass diminished within the study; reflective in decreased muscle mass. Declines in IGF-I, lean body mass, and glycogen availability may contribute to the increased fatigue experienced in ketogenic diets. Subsequently, the weight loss procured is not effortlessly sustainable due to an energy imbalance propagating an enhanced drive to regain lost mass. However, rodent studies are not entirely translatable to human subjects, and moreover, not appropriately designed. Perigonadal fat pads have a large surface area and are readily accessible. Consequently, they are frequently utilized in research, as exhibited in the study of Caton et al. (2009). However, humans do not harbour a fat depot analogous to the fat pads; and thereby cannot be truly deemed as visceral. Furthermore, Bazzano et al. (2014) measured body weight and a myriad of biomarkers in 148 participants on variable carbohydrate diets over a year. The researchers concluded that a low carbohydrate diet was more effective for weight loss and reduced cardiovascular risks. Whereas Vogt (2014) published a conflicting paper; a low carbohydrate diet in maternal rodents alters offspring metabolism whereby risk for obesity is pronounced. There are indeed neuroanatomical similarities between humans and rodents which coincide with food intake and energy homeostasis. However, the study un covered that the diet damaged the hypothalamus, pivotal for appetite and energy management. No attempt was made to elucidate the contradiction between the reaction of a rodent versus a human, which is misleading. Additionally, rodent strain can determine the susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic changes. If a more resistant strain is utilized, effects may go unnoticed. Moreover, trials disregard elements of rodent diets (standard laboratory chow; high carbohydrate low fat diet) that have direct metabolic outcomes, such as soy, which has effects akin to estrogen relative to activity, fat storage, and macronutrient and water retention. In contrast, low carbohydrate high fat diets often have sugar as a constituent associated with weight gain and insulin resistance, ultimately selecting for fat sensitivity. It is notable that a sufficient amount of protein is required to maintain lean body mass, yet the diet in the study of Caton et al. (2009) constituted of low protein. Dietary control in rodents is possible to a degree unfeasible in humans. Metabolic attributes of the human condition cannot be entirely recapitulated in a single animal model. Summary opinion/Conclusion A multitude of clinical trials that concern low carbohydrate diets have small sample sizes and insufficient statistical power to detect the incremental changes that occur in metabolic risk factors (Hu et al., 2012). Such factors are important determinants of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; thereby, it is ineffective to derive conclusions upon the effects of low carbohydrates upon overall health long term. In contrast to the results inferring an increase in cardiovascular risk, Hu et al. propose low carbohydrate diets as an alternative approach for fat mass reduction without worsening metabolic risk factors. Moreover, Bueno, de Melo, de Oliveria, da Rocha Ataide (2013) denote a doubled average increase in HDL compared to low fat dieters, conferring cardiovascular benefits with an improved cholesterol profile comparable to Westman et al. (2002) noting an increase in HDL. Nonetheless, six weeks is a short duration of time, and the research conveys that the dietary regime is sl ightly advantageous in weight loss for up to six months (Fields, Ruddy, Wallace, Shah, Millstine, 2016). Potential metabolic consequences can be alleviated with increased water, fibre, and calcium intake. References Bazzano, L. A., Hu, T., Reynolds, K., Yao, L., Bunol, C., Liu, Y., He, J. (2014). Effects of low  -carbohydrate and low-fat diets: A randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine, 161(5), 309-318. Bilsborough, S. A., Crowe, T. (2003). Low carbohydrate diets: What are the potential short and long  term health implications? Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12(4), 397-404. Bueno, N., de Melo, I., de Oliveira, S., da Rocha Ataide, T. (2013). Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic  diet v. low-fat diet for long-term weight loss: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. British Journal Of Nutrition, 110(07), 1178-1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000548 Caton, S. J., Yinglong, B., Burget, L., Spangler, L. J., Tschà ¶p, M. H., Bidlingmaier, M. (2009). Low  carbohydrate high fat diets: Regulation of energy balance and body weight regain in rats.  Obesity, 17(2), 283-289. Clasey, J. L., Kanaley, J. A., Wideman, L., Heymsfield, S. B., Teates, C. D., Gutgesell, M. E.,   Weltman, A. (1999). Validity of methods of body composition assessment in young and older  men and women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(5), 1728-1738. Fields, H., Ruddy, B., Wallace, M., Shah, A., Millstine, D. (2016). Are low-carbohydrate diets safe  and effective? The Journal Of The American Osteopathic Association, 116(12), 788.  http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2016.154 Heshka, S., Anderson, J., Atkinson, R., Greenway, F., Hill, J., Phinney, S. et al. (2003). Weight loss  with self-help compared with a structured commercial program. JAMA, 289(14), 1792.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.14.1792 Hu, T., Mills, K., Yao, L., Demanelis, K., Eloustaz, M., Yancy, W. et al. (2012). Effects of low-  carbohydrate diets versus low-fat diets on metabolic risk factors: A meta-analysis of  randomized controlled clinical trials. American Journal Of Epidemiology, 176(suppl 7), S44-  S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws264   Johnston, C. S., Tjonn, S. L., Swan, P. D., White, A., Hutchins, H., Sears, B. (2006). Ketogenic low-  carbohydrate diets have no metabolic advantage over nonketogenic low-carbohydrate diets. The  American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83(5), 1055-1061.   Larosa, J. C., Fry, A. G., Muesing, R., Rosing, D. R. (1980). Effects of high-protein, low-  carbohydrate dieting on plasma lipoproteins and body weight. Journal of the American Dietetic  Association, 77(3), 264-270.   Lin, P. J., Borer, K. T. (2016). Third exposure to a reduced carbohydrate meal lowers evening  postprandial insulin and GIP responses and HOMA-IR estimate of insulin resistance. PloS  one, 11(10), e0165378.   Manninen, A. (2004). Metabolic effects of the very-low-carbohydrate diets: Misunderstood  villains of human metabolism. Journal Of The International Society Of Sports Nutrition,  1(2), 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-1-2-7   Russell 3rd, R. R., Taegtmeyer, H. (1991). Pyruvate carboxylation prevents the decline in contractile  function of rat hearts oxidizing acetoacetate. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and  Circulatory Physiology, 261(6), H1756-H1762.   Vogt, M. C., Paeger, L., Hess, S., Steculorum, S. M., Awazawa, M., Hampel, B., Predel, R. (2014).  Neonatal insulin action impairs hypothalamic neurocircuit formation in response to maternal  high-fat feeding. Cell, 156(3), 495-509.   Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Edman, J. S., Tomlin, K. F., Perkins, C. E. (2002). Effect of 6-month  adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. The American Journal of Medicine, 113(1),  30-36. Table 1 Effect of a low carbohydrate dietary regime upon metabolic parameters Table 2 Effect of a low carbohydrate dietary regime upon serum lipid level and 24-hour urinary excretion Table 3 End-point hormone, glucose, and albumin analysis (study one; mean +/- s.e.m.) in adolescent and mature rodents maintained on CH or LC-HFD for 16 days Table 4 Energy expenditure (kcal/24 h) normalized for body mass at baseline; 16 days post-maintenance of CH and LC-HFD Figure 1. The effect of a low carbohydrate diet with additional nutritional supplementation upon body weight (n=41). Fat mass was estimated from skinfold thickness measurement. Fat mass decreased from 36.9 +/- 6.2 kg to 3.0 +/- 5.7 kg. Fat-free mass = body weight fat mass. The asterisk indicates P Figure 2. The development in body weight (g) of adolescent and mature rodents initially maintained on standard laboratory chow (CH) or low carbohydrate high fat diet (LC-HFD) for 16 days prior to a switch in dietary regime (denoted by an arrow) for another 16 days (means +/- s.e.m.). LC-HFD rodents exhibited a significant reduction in body weight compared to CH irrespective of age and subsequent diet change.

What Caused The Financial Crisis? Essay -- Economics

The roots of the financial crisis can be traced back to the property asset bubble in the US between 1997 and 2006. This asset bubble was enabled by a poorly regulated subprime mortgage industry and the assumption that property prices would continue to rise. The collapse of the property bubble and subsequent foreclosures led to many financial institutions suffering huge losses due to their exposure to the subprime market through a series of innovative and complex investment vehicles. While these investments carried extra risk, they also gave the opportunity for massive short term returns, and the move to these riskier and more complicated financial investments may have been facilitated by a ‘too big to fail’ mentality by many US financial institutions. The collapse of the property bubble and uncertainty in the markets led to a run by depositors and a sudden loss of funding for banks day to day activities. Due to the dependence of the interbank lending market for short term funding, these banks were unable to fund their day to day operations and some collapses, (Lehman Brothers) while others were bailed out by the US government (AIG). Such a loss of confidence within the financial industry eventually led to banks operating a more cautious approach to lending and ensured a severe reduction in the availability of credit, both to other banks and consumers. I will look at the how subprime lending, assisted by expansionary macroeconomic policies and lenient regulatory supervision, eventually morphed into a full financial crisis rather than the view that such crises are cyclical in open market economies and are part of the boom and bust characteristics of capitalism. Sub-prime Mortgages and the Building Blocks of the Financial Crisis .. ...pubs/ft/fandd/2008/06/dodd.htm Carmassi, J, Gros, P and Micossi, S. The Global Financial Crisis: Causes and Cures. Journal of Common Market Studies. Vol.47, No.5, pp. 977-996, 2009. Available at: http://www.relooney.info/SI_FAO-Asia/Global-Crisis_23.pdf Blakenburg, S and Palma, J.G. Introduction: the global financial crisis. Cambridge Journal of Economics. Vol.33, pp.531-539, 2009. Available at: http://cje.oxfordjournals.org/content/33/4/531.full.pdf+html Online Publications Inman, P. Easy money hits home with lenders facing  £250bn losses. The Guardian Online, July 10th, 2007. Available at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2007/jul/10/usnews.internationalnews1?INTCMP=SRCH Baldwin, R. Excessive risk-taking by Banks. Wall Street Pit. Global Market Insight, April 9th, 2012. Available at: http://wallstreetpit.com/90959-excessive-risk-taking-by-banks

A Change of Plans

Joey Hildreth Dr. Weston Composition 1 September 12, 2012 A Change of Plans Making a plan to do something is a normal occurrence in human life. People make plans to go see a movie, to go out to dinner, and to hang out with their friends all on a regular basis. Sometimes life can send unexpected events that can change those plans. I am sure this has happened to everyone at least once where things didn’t go exactly the way they had planned. To this day I would consider myself a good driver; however, I recall a driving experience where things did not go quite the way I had planned.I had made plans to go to Cedar Point with a friend, and we were going to meet up with someone we had met the last time we were at Cedar Point. My friend and I had both bought season passes in early June. It was the first summer that I had a car and we figured we could drive to Cedar Point once a month until it closed for the year. We had gone once with my friend’s family in late June, and anothe r time with my parents in late July. In early August we decided that we needed to make another trip up before school started and we would have a schedule to work around.Since there had been no more family trips planned, we were determined to make the drive by ourselves. I must have begged my mom to let me drive without parental supervision at least a thousand times. Only after I had promised her I would be careful, responsible, and follow the speed limit that she even considered it. After that it took many more pleads before she finally gave in. I still remember our conversation when she finally told me we would be allowed to make the trip. â€Å"Fine, but if you want to go you need to have Taylor text me every half hour so I know that you guys are still alright, and you have to call me as soon as you get there.While you’re at Cedar Point, you’ll text me every 2 hours to check in,† she said. â€Å"Alright Mom,† I replied as I hid excitement piling up insi de me. â€Å"I’m not finished yet,† she said and paused for me to pay attention â€Å"and you will leave no later than nine O’clock. If you don’t call or text, you better believe after you get home you won’t have a car either. † Saturday morning I left my house and headed over to Taylor’s to pick him up. It was no surprise to me that I had to wait for him to finish getting ready when I arrived.After the usual groans of â€Å"Come on† and â€Å"You’re a guy, you don’t need make-up, let’s go† we were finally ready to leave. We loaded our things into the car and got ready to take off. I popped in a CD I had burned that consisted of songs I knew well. I pulled out the driveway and drove off down the road; both windows down and the stereo blaring. We were nearing the halfway point when life decided to throw in an unexpected event. I was driving down a country road going 55 when I saw a groundhog crossing the street. He was near the middle of the road when I saw him and I didn’t know what to do.This was no ordinary groundhog, this groundhog was the sizeHe started to run towards the left side of the road, and then he turned around and darted back to my side. I slammed the brakes and swerved to the right. Just before my tires hit the gravel on the side of the road, I felt a slight a bump and heard a deep thud. As I realized I was going to go off-road I quickly turned the wheel to the left to try to correct myself. When I did this, my car fishtailed and threw itself into the ditch. â€Å"Oh my god! Are you alright Tay? † I asked. â€Å"Uh, yeah,† he responded with wide eyes.We both got out of the car to see what the damage was. At first everything seemed fine other than a small crack in my front bumper; until Tay pointed out that I had a flat tire. I called my mom to tell her what happened, and she was not a happy camper. I did not have a spare tire so she told me t hat she would call the American Automobile Association (AAA). Shortly after she called me back and said a tow truck was on the way. Once he arrived he loaded the car onto the tow truck, and I had quite the story to tell him about how life had thrown a change of plans to me.

Free Essays on Embarassing Moment

After I found out that my husband may have prostate cancer I researched, read and learned everything I could about this disease. Then I informed my husband of my findings, because for some reason, but not unlike other men, he could not do it himself. He was very willing to read any pages I marked in a book, or downloaded offline. With the biopsy and diagnosis I cried alone in the dark or in the shower so he wouldn't hear. I acted upbeat and positive whenever he was around. I understood the power of positive thinking, and did not want him to succumb to any negative thoughts. He never cried a tear in front of me, and always acted like he was there to comfort and support me through this time. We both at least acted like we were the strong one. I knew inside he was the stronger one. He always seemed to have a positive attitude. To this day, I don't know exactly what he was feeling during that time. With the CAT scan and bone scan, I fought hard not to be sick. I was present in the room during the bone scan and I watched on the monitor. As he lay there with the machine inching it's way over him, he looked so vulnerable for the first time. I had never seen him sick, or even in pain. It was a reality check for me at that moment. Everything came crashing in. I strained to see what they might be looking for. Could I see anything? What was I even looking for. I didn't know, but I tried anyway. I could see a large glow around the pelvic area. My stomach did a flip flop...I felt myself getting tense. I could hardly stand one more minute of looking at his skeletal structure as the pictures came up on the screen. The tech told him to empty his bladder because the glow was the nuclear material in the bladder. By that moment, I had to leave. I thought I was going to vomit. I put some water on my face, and when I came out of the ladies room, he was there waiting ... Free Essays on Embarassing Moment Free Essays on Embarassing Moment After I found out that my husband may have prostate cancer I researched, read and learned everything I could about this disease. Then I informed my husband of my findings, because for some reason, but not unlike other men, he could not do it himself. He was very willing to read any pages I marked in a book, or downloaded offline. With the biopsy and diagnosis I cried alone in the dark or in the shower so he wouldn't hear. I acted upbeat and positive whenever he was around. I understood the power of positive thinking, and did not want him to succumb to any negative thoughts. He never cried a tear in front of me, and always acted like he was there to comfort and support me through this time. We both at least acted like we were the strong one. I knew inside he was the stronger one. He always seemed to have a positive attitude. To this day, I don't know exactly what he was feeling during that time. With the CAT scan and bone scan, I fought hard not to be sick. I was present in the room during the bone scan and I watched on the monitor. As he lay there with the machine inching it's way over him, he looked so vulnerable for the first time. I had never seen him sick, or even in pain. It was a reality check for me at that moment. Everything came crashing in. I strained to see what they might be looking for. Could I see anything? What was I even looking for. I didn't know, but I tried anyway. I could see a large glow around the pelvic area. My stomach did a flip flop...I felt myself getting tense. I could hardly stand one more minute of looking at his skeletal structure as the pictures came up on the screen. The tech told him to empty his bladder because the glow was the nuclear material in the bladder. By that moment, I had to leave. I thought I was going to vomit. I put some water on my face, and when I came out of the ladies room, he was there waiting ...

Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls

The History of the Dead Sea Scrolls Known to be the most important archeological discovery of the twentieth century, the Dead Sea Scrolls have not only become a window through which we can explore ancient civilization, but most importantly, a foundational source we can use to see a glimpse of an ancient religious people. Composed of over 800 manuscripts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, when discovered, astonished all and brought a panic among many. Possibly threatening both the Jewish and Christian fundaments, the scrolls had scholars hoping to find answers to questions left unreciprocated since the days of Moses. The following takes readers on a journey exploring how the scrolls came to be, how they were discovered, and most crucially, what they contain. After the destruction of the first Temple and the rebuilding of the second, the Jews of Judea still deemed the holy place as their center of devotion. Because the Romans had now conquered Judea, many priests felt the Greek way of life, known as Hellenism, had empowered the Jewish way of life. A group of priests known as the Essenes, meaning the â€Å"purified ones† fled to the scorching days of the desert around 150BCE. As they pondered through the hot sun, tired and confused they brought with them writings and rituals of what they believed would one day open the way to a renewal of Israel, and a planning of a new and uncorrupted temple. The Essenes settled on a plateau in the desert where cliffs lied to the west and the Dead Sea to the east. As they built the community and village, which are now known as Qumran, they fabricated extraordinary architectural designs, including water canals through the village in which they would submerge themselves for â€Å"cleansing† and â€Å"purifying† purposes. The Essenes lived a very, very strict way of life, with numerous daily prayers being the focus of their existence. They studied vigorously the teachings and writings of the Hebrew Bible... Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls Free Essays on The Dead Sea Scrolls The History of the Dead Sea Scrolls Known to be the most important archeological discovery of the twentieth century, the Dead Sea Scrolls have not only become a window through which we can explore ancient civilization, but most importantly, a foundational source we can use to see a glimpse of an ancient religious people. Composed of over 800 manuscripts, the Dead Sea Scrolls, when discovered, astonished all and brought a panic among many. Possibly threatening both the Jewish and Christian fundaments, the scrolls had scholars hoping to find answers to questions left unreciprocated since the days of Moses. The following takes readers on a journey exploring how the scrolls came to be, how they were discovered, and most crucially, what they contain. After the destruction of the first Temple and the rebuilding of the second, the Jews of Judea still deemed the holy place as their center of devotion. Because the Romans had now conquered Judea, many priests felt the Greek way of life, known as Hellenism, had empowered the Jewish way of life. A group of priests known as the Essenes, meaning the â€Å"purified ones† fled to the scorching days of the desert around 150BCE. As they pondered through the hot sun, tired and confused they brought with them writings and rituals of what they believed would one day open the way to a renewal of Israel, and a planning of a new and uncorrupted temple. The Essenes settled on a plateau in the desert where cliffs lied to the west and the Dead Sea to the east. As they built the community and village, which are now known as Qumran, they fabricated extraordinary architectural designs, including water canals through the village in which they would submerge themselves for â€Å"cleansing† and â€Å"purifying† purposes. The Essenes lived a very, very strict way of life, with numerous daily prayers being the focus of their existence. They studied vigorously the teachings and writings of the Hebrew Bible...

Code of Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Code of Ethics - Research Paper Example This report stresses that discipline is one of the best ways for creating ethical climate within the organization. In case of PAC Resources, this can be observed that the organization considered unconfirmed sales figures in their accounting procedure. It is a completely non ethical procedure for keeping accounts related records. So a disciplinary accounting procedure is required in this regard. Here the organization should take those sales figures which are confirmed by nature and purchase orders of those sales transactions and signed by the concerned end. Management can take strong step in case of ethical violation in case of accounting procedure. This essay makes a conclusion that communication process should be more effective than the earlier days. There should not be any type of communication gap between and employer and an employee. If employees feel free for asking questions to the HR managers then problems can be solved in easier way. Apart from that managers should observe the unethical behavior of employees and identify the reasons behind it. Conducting proper training and developmental program will be helpful in this case. Again if employees can get reward and benefit for their honesty and efficiency then also unethical behavior can be reduced by the end of management. HR managers should act with integrity for the prospect of business. They should at first anticipate the level of expectation of the different related parties from the end of organization and according to that expectation code of ethics should be designed and framed.

Language acquisition by a bilingual child Essay

Language acquisition by a bilingual child - Essay Example Of concern to this paper is vocabulary acquisition in bilingual children and the impact that various factors have in determining children’s proficiency in their two languages. While little research exists in this area, a few researchers have since conducted research and came up with interesting results on the role these factors play in their children’s language development. It is also very important to compare the bilingual children with those from the monolingual families to see the extent of vocabulary acquisition of the two, though researches have since indicated that the language scores in bilingual children are lower than the scores of those from monolingual homes (Altarriba & Heredia, 2011, p.170). This calls for more studies so as to know the exact factors that contribute to this difference. In their article, Quiroz et al., (2010) summarise their study findings on the impacts of a mother on the learning outcomes of their children, as regards to mastering the vocabularies of the different languages. The study was conducted mainly to examine the various home factors affecting language acquisition of children of 4-5 years old, in bilingual families. Another question of this research involved the impact of the mother-child book sharing activity in bilingual families, and how it compares with that of the monolingual families. Since this study used Latin American kids from families who also used English as their other langiage, it also endeavoured to find out whether the Spanish vocabulary input also impacted the English vocabulary outcomes. The participants of this study were 250 Spanish-Speaking children. Family samples were from three communities living in Maryland and Massachusetts. A comparison sample comprised 150 children drawn from families living in Puerto Rico. The researchers made sure that the children participated came from families where at least Spanish was one of the languages spoken in the

Canadian Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Canadian Identity - Essay Example The first step toward solving the problem will be recognizing the identity issue as a national problem. The government and the Canadians should then search for a common solution to the problem. In this paper, I will analyse the issue of Canadian identity from both perspectives. Regionalism is a dominant factor in Canadian social and political framework. As a political ideology, the Canadian regionalism is based on the dominance of one region over the others in national affairs. Regionalism is the main factor that has prevented Canadians from realizing their national identity (Charles 67). Firstly, regionalism has introduced divisions among Canadian citizens. It would be difficult to realize or define a true national identity on a country that is divided between social classes and generation gap. Canadian identity exists and it is responsible for our national prosperity that is based on our regionalism. Canada is divided into six basic regions that are based on geographical and social economic factors in the country. Regionalism is vital for Canadian identity. Regionalism provides a basis for national unity, which is instrumental in defining Canadian identity. ... However, Canada has been experiencing increasing numbers of immigrants from other countries (Charles 67). The existence of people from different cultures has made it impossible to define Canadian culture. Culture is a significant in defining the identity of a country. Thus, Canadians lack a common culture that they can identify themselves with or that associate them with the country. Currently Canada has become the leading country in social diversity. The country is home for people from all over the world including the Americans. As Canadian, we are a multicultural society that is not divided along ethnicity or any racial structures. The intercultural cohesion that exists among Canadians defines them as Canada citizens and people of the modern world (Mathews 98). Lack of a dominant culture or social group in the Canadian society promote national unity and freedom that defines the life of the Canadians and hence their national identity. Canada has a widening generation gap that adds c ontroversy to the issue of the Canadian identity. Since the arrival of the European immigrants, Canadians have been loosening their attachment with their European origin. There has been a continuously increasing variation in societal values across different generations. The association of Canadian citizens with their European countries of origin has been reducing constantly. The first generation of immigrants is completely different from the current generation of Canadian citizens. This trend is increasing constantly resulting into a wide generation gap. This factor is responsible for the lost Canadian identity. For instance how can we define where we are going if we do not acknowledge where we came from. It is a fact that Canadians originated from Europe and

Speech and racism in colonial literature Essay Example for Free

Speech and racism in colonial literature Essay As Dennis Leary said, racism isn’t born, it is taught. Racism is a weapon able to denigrate and dehumanize people. â€Å"Racism has always been present in colonization especially soon after the Europeans colonized the New World, the idea of racial distinctions developed† (LaRocque). Still until today, the colonial attitude especially towards black people is due because of economic power. Many postcolonial novels show themes such as racism, abuse of power, violence and speech to show the perspective of both sides of the conflict; the black and the white. Literature is a gift because it allows people to shape their perspectives of the world. In the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad readers are able to see the postcolonial literature perspective in similar stories from different sides. This essay will analyze speech in Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart in order to prove how Achebe’s novel exposes the racism found in Heart of Darkness. Stories are important because they shape a person’s mind by influencing their lives. Stories arise out of a person’s belief and therefore cannot be disproven (â€Å"Comparing†). These both novels through stories portray issues in different societies and its complexity. Things Fall Apart is an amazing novel that shows the life of the Igbo tribe in Nigeria, Africa. The novel surrounds the main character Okonkwo, a tragic hero who refuses to accept the fate of his dead father but rather self-preserves himself. Through Okonkwo many themes are portrayed dealing with violence, masculinity and the importance of religion for the Igbo tribe. Achebe’s novel shows in detail this society and thus the complexity of their way of living. Lgbo people are hardworking, religious, obedient and follow the calendar based on harvesting. This points the set of beliefs and systems that indigenous people of Africa have developed for their life’s (â€Å"Use†). Achebe also displays the role of men and women in society and how women are assign unimportant roles being men the power in the Igbo society. The importance of speech in the novel is prioritized as the author uses Igbo language thus creating a distinctive African story. It shows an image of Africa before colonialism changed it (â€Å"Use†). In the other hand, Josephs Conrad’s novella acts more as a criticism comparing the civilized and the uncivilized. This shows the power of the white Europeans on their colonization in Africa. As its title, it shows the darkest side of humans by brutality and racism. The novella starts in the Nellie at the Thames River when the captain Charlie Marlow starts to narrate his stories about how he entered to Africa and his experiences. Marlow has always have passion for maps, exploring and adventure that is what begins his journey to a new and mysterious world; Africa. Through his stories we see the complexity of the African jungle and how this place influences the characters. The only thing that inspires and drives Marlow is his desire to meet Kurtz, an admirable and respected agent. Through his experiences we can see the racism towards the black people and how European colonizers treated them. By the actions of many characters we perceive the ivory smuggling, the ambition of power and money and the evil hidden in the jungle. Therefore it shows darkness behind inhumanity and injustice to others. How this darkness is so powerful that can destroy others and the person itself (Conrad). In both novels we see the importance of speech. Speech acts as a symbol of racism and the distance of language. In Things Fall Apart speech is very important as Achebe uses lgbo words in the novel. â€Å"By incorporating Igbo words, rhythms, language and concepts into an English text about his culture, Achebe goes a long way to bridge a cultural divide† (â€Å"Language†). This shows the complexity of the African culture and the misunderstanding between cultures. In this case being the lgbo culture and the ones of the colonists. Therefore Achebe’s incorporation of Igbo words makes his novel even more realistic because it gives the Africans a voice. It also allows the reader to learn more about its culture by understanding the meaning of these words. We also see how organized and specific the dialect is relying on the rules to address to people. These words don’t make the reading harder but rather they make it more interesting basing on its context and how they are used. Also these words are crucial for the novel because if they are translated to English they might lose their concept. â€Å"To provide an authentic feel for lgbo culture would be impossible without also allowing proverbs to play a significant role in the novel† (â€Å"Language†). We can see how oral is important for the culture as there is plenty communication. In lgbo tribes messages are carried orally; stories, songs and tales told from families and basically the whole culture relies on oral tradition, never losing the uniqueness of their dialect. It also proves how this culture is much more complex than it seems as there are many different languages within the 9 villages. It shows how two cultures come together as the novel being written in English but never losing the lgbo words. This also represents how certain aspects of cultures are never going to be understood because they are too complex for each other. Achebe plays with words carefully and allows readers to feel part in the story as these words play an importance in the emotions of the reader. â€Å"Achebe’s introduction of new forms and language into a traditional (Western) narrative structure to communicate unique African experiences forever changed the definition of world literature† (â€Å"Language†). In contrast, in the novella Heart of Darkness speech is represented as silent. Silence marks the distance between the white colonizers and the African. Conrad is not giving speech to the Africans but rather marking the big space of the misunderstanding of cultures. â€Å"Here, the human is perceived to have no language, only a physical space and the surrounding nature support this with the muting darkness and unknowing silence along the riverbanks† (Lerch). This is a major issue because without speaking there is no understanding or knowledge. Language allows people to learn from each other, communication is fundamental. This boundary leads to know people only by their physical in the case of the natives, one of the major causes of stereotypes and racism. â€Å"Speech suddenly proved inadequate for Conrad’s purpose of letting the European glimpse the unspeakable carving in their hearts† (Achebe). This acts as a symbol of power and superiority from part of the colonizers that can speak and hold the control. Natives are not given voice, opinion or the right to express themselves. The crash of cultures brings conflicts to the both sides as any of them know each other’s language. There is a constant absent of noise and only the sound of darkness fills it up. Even though speech is silent in the natives, it plays an important and effective role in the story and characters in the novella. From the beginning the history is told from Marlow’s stories and experiences that he’s telling to the other members of the Nellie. â€Å"In western society, silence is something to be filled. â€Å"Language is a euphemism, a saving life for all the Europeans† (Lerch). Marlow’s communication forms part of the Chinese box technique that is the story inside another story. His expressions, detailed descriptions, images and emotions transport us to the past, to the heart of darkness. Speech according to characters is seen in various ways, from much too little speak. This represents the personal importance of speech for each character and how it varies depending on the personality and interest of the character. For example speech in Kurtz is represented as insanity because of the lack of understanding and isolating from society (â€Å"Heartâ€Å"). However it is positively as it is the link Kurtz has with the natives that is what brings him closer to them and therefore being recognized as the leader of the jungle. In addition, this two novels use speech as a crucial and important aspect but they represent different things. As Eric Parslow said, race is a lazy minds tool for identifying culture. In both novels racism is a theme that stands out. Racism is portrayed differently and is used to explain main issues found in both novels. Many critics talk about if in the novel Things Fall Apart there is racism or not. I personally think racism is not found in this novel but rather is misunderstood as Chinua Achebe is criticizing humanity and the inhuman actions done by colonizers to tribes of Africa. The Igbo culture in his novel is shown to the reader before colonization occurs. This helps the reader to have a better understanding on the effect of colonization and how it can tear cultures apart, by pieces. By the arrival of white colonizers in town we see how Achebe wants to point the Europeans desire of ambition, conquest, violence and racism towards the African cultures. Societies are torn apart and colonizers think they have the power to erase their culture foundation and implement theirs. â€Å"The westerners tool the foundations of the indigenous people’s society and ways of living and left them with nothing. They also began â€Å"reformation of the native’s minds, by assigning the mark of the negative to everything African and the positive to everything European† (â€Å"Things†). Achebe’s novel is in fact a write back to Conrad as the racism and cruelty he found on the novel. Achebe wants the reader to see the other perspective from the side of the natives. Therefore, he is showing things as they were and those descriptions and actions might be perceived as racist. There is a quote in the book that says: The white man is stupid, he is fit to be a slave† (Ward). This quote is racist however you can’t say the whole novel is racist because of one quote. In order for a novel to be racist, the whole book needs to reflect this. In contrast Conrad’s novella Heart of Darkness is still being much critiqued as Africa is portrayed as a primitive place where much racism and violence is held towards the natives (â€Å"Things†). This novel portrays the other side of the story, the perspective from Marlow, a white European. By this we can see how Africa is seen as a different world where the natives are uncivilized and lack intelligence. â€Å"We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but there you could look at a thing monstrous and free† (Achebe). Conrad through the character Marlow uses words as black, monsters, uncivilized to refer to the natives. Although Conrad’s descriptions, imagery, metaphors and similes are very powerful and descriptive some are racist against the natives. The arrival of the Europeans show the power they have and how they believe they can claim for resources and the land that is not there’s. As said before, silence endures in the novella as natives have no speech symbolizing the misunderstanding of cultures. â€Å"The outcome is seen in western author’s postcolonial literature by deceptions of unknown groups of people as savages or primitive. When in reality the author has no understanding of the group of people being presented† (â€Å"Things†). As said before natives of Africa in Conrad’s novella are portrayed as uncivilized people, being this an irony. The colonizers are not civilized because of the horrible and racist actions they perform. Due to the complexity of the space they are surrounded they lose their morals. The jungle is a character due to its power to change people. This is also the reason why the colonizers changed and became the uncivilized ones because of their ambition for power. Therefore, Conrad’s novella can be considered as racist but it is very important to remember that the story is told from the other side. As Bob Dylan said â€Å"Dont criticize what you cant understand.† Both of these novels are important for literature in the world. Each one has different objectives and messages. Differences relies on the context and perspective they are being told. Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness deal with the big theme of colonization. What’s interesting about them is that we can see both sides of the story and by this form our criteria. I believe it is very important to see the two faces of an issue in order to understand it. However, I consider that you can fully understand something if you have lived it. A person will always have his opinion towards something but will never truly understand it. To criticize a book, that person must have been part of the story and the context that is being told. Therefore we can’t say Heart of Darkness or Things Fall Apart is racist if we have not experienced colonization in that context. Both authors are showing readers the perspective from which is being told, so that the reader can have both sides of the story and form their criteria about the complex theme of colonization on the tribes of Africa. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrads Heart of Darkness' Massachusetts Review. 18. 1977. Rpt. in Heart of Darkness, An Authoritative Text, background and Sources Criticism. 1961. 3rd ed. Ed. Robert Kimbrough, London: W. W Norton and Co., 1988, pp.251-261 Comparing Things Fall Apart and Heart of Darkness. 123HelpMe.com. 20 Oct 2012 http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=11427. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. The Norton Anthology: English Literature. General Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th Ed. New York: Norton, 2006. 1891-1947. Heart of Darkness Theme of Language and Communication. Shmoop. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2012. http://www.shmoop.com/heart-of-darkness/language-communication-theme.html. LaRocque, Emma. Racism and Colonization. Aboriginal Perspectives. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. http://www3.nfb.ca/enclasse/doclens/visau/index.php?mode=theme.