Inhibition of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Essay Example for Free

Inhibition of Alcohol Dehydrogenase EssayAlcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is the enzyme that is responsible for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde (the reaction is shown in ascertain 13. 1). It is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of ethanol in the intoxi rafttic beverages we consume. Five antithetical isozymes of ADH have been identified, and it has been shown that the enzyme has a rather broad substrate specificity and can oxidize aldehydes as hale as primary and secondary intoxicants. For example, ADH can also oxidize methanol (wood alcohol) and ethylene alcohol (antifreeze). The poisonous nature of these compounds results from the ADH-catalyzed conversion of these compounds to toxic products.For example, ADH converts methanol to formaldehyde, which is toxic to the optic nerve and can produce blindness. In high doses, formaldehyde may be fatal. In this study, the authors investigated the ability of formamide compounds to inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase. Only a portion of their data is presented here. The authors were able to propose a mechanism for the inhibition from the across-the-board data they collected using a wide variety of formamide compounds. The mechanism is shown in Figure 13. 2. Figure 13. 1 ADH-catalyzed oxidation of ethanol. 2 Questions 1.Certain individuals atomic number 18 more sensitive to alcohol than others. For example, women are more sensitive to alcohol than meneven when body weight and % body fat are taken into account, women become more intoxicated than men overpowering an identical amount of alcohol. Using what we have wise(p) in the enzyme chapters, give biochemical reasons that would explain why women become more intoxicated than men when consu minuteg an equal amount of alcohol. 2. A treatment for methanol poisoning is to have the victim drink monolithic amounts of ethanol. Why might this be an effective treatment? 3.The authors of this study studied the ability of N-1,5-dimethylhexylformamide to inhibit black eye ADH1. The activity of the enzyme was measured in the absence of inhibitor, and in the presence of 1. 0 M inhibitor. The data are presented in Table 13. 1. Table 13. 1 Inhibition of mouse ADH1 by N,1-5-dimethy lhex ylformam ide Ethanol Concentration, mM ADH1 velocity, ) NADH absorbance/min (without i nhibit or) ADH1 velocity, ) NADH absorbance/min (with i nhibit or) 0. 20 0. 036 0. 022 0. 25 0. 042 0. 024 0. 36 0. 048 0. 027 0. 60 0. 065 0. 029 2. 00 0. 075 0. 033 Figure 13. 2 chemical mechanism of ADH1.The inhibitor binds as an aldehyde analog. 3 M max a. What are the K and V values for ADH in the absence of inhibitor? in the presence of the inhibitor? b. What type of inhibitor is N-1,5-dimethylhexylformamide? Explain. c. Calculate the values of and/or , if they are significantly contrastive from 1. What kind of inhibitor is N-1,5-dimethylhexylformamide? Explain. ii d. Calculate the K and/or K (whichever is appropriate) for N-1,5-dimethylhexylformamide (Hint You can obtain t hese values from and ). 4. The authors puff the mechanism of ADH as an ordered bi-bi mechanism. Give a written description of the mechanism, as shown in Figure 13.2. How does N-1,5- dimethylhexylformamide inhibit the activity of the ADH enzyme? How does N-1,5- dimethylhexylformamide differ from the classic inhibitors of this type that are described in our textbook? 5. The authors found that a class of compounds called pyrazoles were also inhibitors of ADH. These inhibitors bind to the E-NAD complex. What kind of inhibitor are pyrazoles? Are + these inhibitors the equal or different as the formamides? 6. a. Would N-1,5-dimethylhexylformamide be an effective alternative for the treatment of methanol and ethylene ethanediol poisoning, assuming that it is non-toxic itself (and as an alternative to getting the patient drunk, as described in Question 2)?Would N-1,5- dimethylhexylformamide be effective even if the concentrations of methanol or ethylene II glycol were very high? (Hint compare the values of K or K , whichever is appropriate, M and K ). b. The compound 4-methyl pyrazole is currently being utilise as a treatment for methanol poisoning. How would the effectiveness of 4-methyl pyrazole compare with the effectiveness of a formamide treatment? file name extension Venkataramaiah, T. H. , and Plapp, B. V. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, pp. 36699-36706.